猴痘全球爆发，我们怎么预防？

近日，英国、葡萄牙、美国等多个国家报告发现不寻常猴痘病例。目前，已有 19 个国家和地区报告 131 例猴痘确诊病例。世卫组织称：猴痘病毒已发生人际传播。

-那么什么是猴痘呢？

猴痘是一种由猴痘病毒引起的传染病，可能发生在某些动物身上，包括人类。症状开始于发烧、头痛、肌肉疼痛、淋巴结肿大和感到疲倦。[1] 随后出现皮疹，皮疹表面形成水泡和硬壳。[1] 从暴露到出现症状的时间通常为 7 至 14 天。[1] 症状持续时间通常为两到四周。[1]

猴痘可通过处理丛林肉、动物咬伤或抓伤、体液、受污染物体或与感染者密切接触传播。[7] 这种病毒通常在某些啮齿动物中传播。[7] 可以通过检测病变处的病毒 DNA 来确认诊断。[3] 这种疾病可能与水痘相似。[4]

天花疫苗预防感染的有效率为 85%。[3] [8]2019 年，一种猴痘疫苗 Jynneos 在美国被批准用于成年人。[9] 目前的治疗标准是 tecovirimat，这是一种抗病毒药物，专门用于治疗天花和猴痘等正痘病毒感染。在欧盟和美国，它被批准用于治疗猴痘。西多福韦或布林西多福韦也可能有用。[4] 据报道，在刚果盆地（中非）猴痘分支中，如果不治疗，死亡风险高达 10%-11%。[1] [12][5]

猴痘于 1958 年在丹麦哥本哈根的实验室猴子中首次发现。[13] 猴子不是病毒的天然宿主。[14] 1970 年在刚果民主共和国发现了第一例人类病例。[13] 2003 年发生在美国的一起疫情被追踪到一家宠物店，那里出售从加纳进口的啮齿动物。[3] 2022 年的猴痘疫情是非洲以外首次发生的大规模社区传播，始于 2022 年 5 月的英国，随后在至少 20 个国家确诊，其中包括欧洲、北美、中东和澳大利亚的多个国家。[8][9][10]

此次疫情属于西非分支，据世界卫生组织报告，该分支的病死率为 1%。[21]

-猴痘的历史

猴痘是西非和中非的地方病。[22][23] 在 2022 年爆发之前，英国仅记录了 7 例猴痘病例，[24] 所有病例都是从非洲输入的病例或参与治疗的医务人员。前三起此类案件发生在 2018 年 [24]，随后是 2019 年 [25]，2021 又发生了三起。【26】2022 年之前，西方国家记录的一次重大猴痘疫情是 2003 年美国中西部的猴痘疫情。这一次没有社区传播的特点。[27][28]

-关于猴痘的研究

基因研究

葡萄牙研究人员于 5 月 19 日首次公布了与此次疫情有关的病毒基因组序列。【31】研究证实，猴痘病毒属于西非分支，与 2018-19 年之前的其他国际疫情有关。【32】对基因组序列的进一步研究可能会产生更多关于「流行病学、感染源和传播模式」的信息。[80] 一名比利时猴痘患者的基因组测序显示了类似的结果。【33】预计会有进一步的基因组数据和分析。【32】

接种疫苗

天花疫苗 Imvanex（Jynneos）对猴痘有 85% 的疗效。【34】UKHSA 已开始使用 Imvanex 作为已知病例密切接触者的暴露后预防药物。【35】没有迹象表明这种疫苗在此次疫情期间不会有效。[30]

美国正在从国家储备中为「高危」人群发放猴痘疫苗。[36]

-猴痘已报告病例（截止 5 月底）



为鼎力协助各研究单位针对猴痘病毒的研究，我司推出猴痘病毒核酸测定试剂盒 (荧光 PCR 法)。欢迎老师前来咨询。
产品信息
MonkeyPOX Virus PCR Kit
猴痘病毒核酸测定试剂盒 (荧光 PCR 法)
货号 01vds-pcr
规格 25 人份
检测范围： 1*104—1*108 copies/mL
检测限： 5× 103 copies/mL

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